Marking composition



' Patented Apr. 10, 1934 PATENT- OFFICE,

MARKING COMPOSITION Winthrop Stanley Lawrence, New York, N. Y., as-

signor to Kaumagraph Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York 3 No Drawing. Application February 20, 1930, Serial No. 430,137

4 Claims.

My inventionrelates to a new and improved marking composition.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a new and improved marking composition, which shall be suitable for making a transfer ink of the fusible type. 1

A transfer ink of this type is used in the molten condition in order to make a marking on a paper base, and the transfer ink is released from the paper base when it is pressed against the fabric or other article to be marked, with simultaneous use of heat.

Another object of my invention is to wholly or substantially eliminate the necessity of using beeswax in fusible transfer .inks, as beeswax is very expensive. Another object of my invention is to provide a wax-like composition which will be non-sticky so that it can be used for' printing in warm weather. a

Another object of my invention is to provide a composition from which the wax can sufficiently separate when the composition is cooled in order to form a surface film which prevents stickiness.

Another object of my invention is to provide a composition by means of which a sufliciently flexible marking can be formed, so that there is no tendency to chip.

' Another object of my invention is to provide a composition which will make it possible to use ozokerite (ozocerite). 4

Another object of my invention is to provide a composition in which the comparatively cheap ozokerite is combined with a phenol-condensation product, such as Amberol together with a blown oil. The name fAmberol is,used in the trade to designate a product which is also identified by the names Albertol and Albertole. These products are generally referred to in the text- 49 book entitled Synthetic Resins and Their Plastics by Carlton Ellis, published in 1923, pages 14''! and 148. Generally speaking, these products are phenol-formaldehyde condensation resins which have been caused to condense in the presence of 4,5 an added resin, such'as common rosin, so that the resultant product is soluble in ben'zol, acetone, and the like. These condensation products are also-soluble in fatty oils, such as linseed oil. Other objects of my invention will be set forth 50 in the following description which illustrates a preferred embodiment thereof, it being understood that the above generalstatement .of the objectsof my invention is intended merely to generally explain the same and not to limit it in any manner.

Beeswax has heretofore been largely used inmaking transfer compositions, due to the I act that this material is amorphous and imparts flexibility to a resinous and fusible marking composition. The beeswax also tends to form a waxy film on the surface of the cooled and solidified marking which hinders or prevents offsetting.

When a fusible marking composition which contains beeswax is allowed to solidify and to cool to ordinary room temperature, the wax slightly 6! separates, thus forming the surface film, which prevents the marking from remaining sticky.

Waxes of the type of paraffin, ceresin, etc. which are not amorphous like beeswax, tend to separate to a greater extent, and since such material form minute crystalline particles, the print or marking is brittle so that it tends to chip'when it is handled.

Hence, beeswax has been used almost exclusively in making marking compositions in which 76 it was desired to eliminate offsetting. It has heretofore been found impossible to find a cheap substitute for beeswax, save that carnauba wax has been used in small proportions in marking compositions, without however, replacing the 80 beeswax.

I have found it possible to make a very satisfactory composition by combining a suitable phenol-condensation product, such as Amberol, combined with Ozokerite, together with a blown oil, such as blown rapeseed oil. The artificial resin known as Cumar can also be combined with this composition. Since this composition is neutral, a bronze powder can be added in order to make a gold-colored marking-and this gold-colored marking does not tarnish. This is a decided advantage because when resin and beeswax are used in a composition of this character, the composition then contains certain acids such as the resin acids which produce more or less tarnishing. The composition isextremely stable and waterproof so that the final transfer markings made on a fabric or the like, are resistant to water and to the solutions of any chemicals,

such as the washing liquids used in laundry oper-ations. Thewax in the composition solidifies very quickly; so that the machine which applies the same can be rapidly operated, and. the com- I position is extremely dry when the paper transfer base is wound up, This is a great advantage when working in hot weather, since ordinary compositions remain hot and soft, so that when the paper base is wound into a spiral roll, offsetting is produced.

To illustrate the invention more specifically, I 11\\ give the following example, although I do not wish the invention to be restricted thereto:-

10 parts of Amberol, 4 parts of ozokerite, 2 parts of blown rapeseed oil,

are fused and intermixed until the melted composition is then thoroughly homogeneous. Any suitable coloring material is then added to the composition with thorough intermixing, and the composition is then ready for use-on the machines. It is to be understood that the proportions given in the examples specified herein are by weight. v

Another useful composition can be made by melting together the following:

parts of Cumar;' varnish grade.

12 parts of ozokerite. 20 parts of blown rapeseed oil. 12 parts of No. 6 lithographic varnish.

5 parts of Butyl Carbitol. 2 parts of cobalt drier.

When the ingredients of this composition have been thoroughly intermixed while the fusible ingredients thereof are in the molten condition, color is stirred in and the composition is then panned. I

The chemical formula of Butyl Carbitol is diethylene-glycol-mono-butyl-ether. This solvent has a boiling point of 222 C. Heretofore in making transfer marking compositions of the fusible type, it has been customary to add a blown oil thereto. This blown oil was only partially oxidized when the transfer was printed by applying the fusible marking composition by means of a suitably-engraved roller to a paper base. The transfer marking on the paper base aged by exposure. the transfer marking contained some of the blown oil which became more oxidized, so as to form a surface film. The portion of the transfer marking which was in contact with the paper base remained unaffected by air.

It was often desirable to age the transfer for a substantial period of time, because a transfer which had an oxidized-surface film would not penetrate the fabric as readily as a freshly-made transfer. This caused the transfer marking to remainmore on'the surface of the fabric, hosiery, or the like, so that the marking was much more clear, and a species of embossed effect was secured. However, the problem of controlling the proper aging of the transfer was a difficult one, because the, user of the transfers might require them at varying intervals of time after the transfers were purchased.

In order to hasten the aging action, it has been proposed to use solvents of various kinds in the marking composition. However, the printing of the transfer is usually accomplished when the marking composition is kept at a temperature of 100 C. Ordinary solvents evaporated too rapidly, so that the composition of the marking material varied rapidly, and this expedient was not commercially practical.

' The advantage of using Butyl Carbitol is that it is a solvent of the solid materials used in the composition. In additionto having a sufliciently high boiling point, Butyl Carbitol has a high vapor pressure at about 100 (3.. so that it does not evaporate with sufiicient'rapidity to substantially vary the composition of the marking material.

W Many solvents have relatively high boiling points,

but they have very low vapor pressures at about That is, the outside of 100 C., so that they evaporate too rapidly to be of practical use.

The Butyl Carbitol remains in the composition after the transfer marking has been printed upon the paper base of the transfer, and it then evaporates with sufficient rapidity during the first twenty-four hours, so that the transfer is then sufficiently aged, so that it is possible to immediately use the transfer; The effect is the same as though the ordinary transfer was held in storage for days. The initial relatively-quick evap-a oration of the Butyl Carbitol causes the formation of a surface film upon the transfer marking, so that the subsequent evaporation of the Butyl Carbitol is very slow. 'The transfer is therefore maintained in the proper condition for many days. That is, when the composition previously specified has been prepared, and after said composition has been panned, said composition contains a substantial percentage of the Butyl Car bitol. In order to use this composition for printing the marking upon the transfer base, said composition is melted, and it is applied in the usual manner bymeans of intaglio rollers. The printed marking upon the transfer base contains 0 some of the Butyl Carbitol, and this evaporates with sufficient rapidity during a relatively short time, so that there is a great economy of time and cost-in aging the transfer. Likewise, when the transfer has been sufiiciently aged to enable it to be used, it remains stable for a long period of time, as the aging effect is not increased.

The improved composition therefore makes it possible to provide a transfer which can be uickly used and which remains relatively stable and unaltered for a sufficiently long period of time for all practical purposes.

While I have found Butyl Carbitol to be the best commercial material available, I do not wish to be limited thereto, as this invention is pioneer in that it provides a marking composition containing a solvent having a boiling point above 100 C. (or other working temperature which may be utilized), and which has a. relatively high vapor pressure, so that the composition is maintained substantially constant, and the solvent is carried in a uniform manner into the transfer marking.

Instead of using the Butyl Carbitol which is the liquid solvent I prefer, I may also use. certain equivalent substances, although Butyl Carbitol is by farthe most efficient substance for this purpose. The substances which may be utilized instead of Butyl Carbitol are as follows:

Pine oil.

Diethyl oxalate.

Mono butyl tartrate.

Nitro benzol.

Carbitol-mono ethyl ether or diet ylene glycol.

' Butyl oxalate.

I have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, but it is clear that numerous changes and omissions can be made without departing from its spirit.

I claim:

1. A method of making and aging transfers which consists in printing upon a paper strip, by means of a marking composition having a fusible base which is in the fused condition, said composition also containing a liquid solvent for said base.'while maintaining the temperature sufficiently low to cause the printed marking upon the paper base to retain someof said solvent, and then permitting said solvent to evaporate.

2. A method of making a transfer which conhaving a fusible base, said base comprising a major part of. Amberol and a minor part of ozokerite.

4. In a transfer having a paper strip, fusible marking imprinted on said strip, said marking having a fusible base, said base comprising a major part of Amberol and a minor part of ozokerite, and of a blown vegetable oil.

wm'rrmor STANLEY LAWRENCE. 

